Script 202 gives information only, not legal advice. If you have a legal problem or need legal advice, you should speak to a lawyer. For the name of a lawyer to consult, call Lawyer Referral at 604.687.3221 in the lower mainland or 1.800.663.1919 elsewhere in British Columbia.

What is shoplifting?
Shoplifting is stealing something from a store. You shoplift if you intend to take something that doesn’t belong to you from a store without paying for it, and you do so, or try to.

If you do that, the store security officer may stop you and call the police. You may be arrested and taken to the police station to be searched, fingerprinted, and photographed. The police will give you a date when you must go to court.

What must the prosecutor prove to convict you? What can you do?
In court, the prosecutor, also called the crown counsel, must prove beyond a reasonable doubt where and when the shoplifting happened. The prosecutor must also prove that you:

• are the person who committed the crime
• intended to take the item without paying for it, and
• took the item, or tried to take it

If the prosecutor proves all these things, the judge may convict you. To prove them, the prosecutor will have witnesses – normally the store security officer and the police officer that arrested you – tell the court (or testify) about what they saw you do. They testify under oath, which means they promise to tell the truth. You can question, or cross-examine, each witness.

After the prosecutor finishes, you – and your witnesses, if you have any – can tell the court what happened. To do this, you have to take an oath promising to tell the truth, and then give evidence as a witness. For example, perhaps you paid for the item and the store security officer didn’t see you pay. In that case, you could show the court your receipt. Or perhaps you got distracted and forgot you had the item when you left the store. If you have any witnesses who saw what happened and who can support your story, you can call them to testify, or give evidence. They also have to promise to tell the truth. You then question them about what they know. When you and your witnesses finish giving evidence, the prosecutor can question, or cross-examine, you and them.

Lastly, you and the prosecutor summarize your positions by making “submissions” to the court. For more information, refer to script 211, called “Defending Yourself Against a Criminal Charge,” and script 212, called “Pleading Guilty to a Criminal Charge.”

What are the penalties?
If a judge convicts you, penalties for this offence can include one or more of the following things:

• Probation (you have to follow certain conditions for a set time).
• An absolute or conditional discharge – a penalty that gives first offenders a second chance with probation-like conditions.
• Diversion (you can avoid a record – if it’s your first offence, you admit the crime, and you pay your debt to the community by, for example, doing community service or writing letters of apology or both).
• Restitution (you have to pay for the item).
• A fine, plus an automatic victim surcharge; you can ask the judge to waive the surcharge if you have no money.
• A conditional sentence – like a jail term, but you serve it in the community with probation-like conditions.
• A jail term.

For details on penalties, refer to script 203, called “Conditional Sentences, Probation and Discharges”.

If the stolen item is worth less than $5000, the maximum fine is $2000, and the maximum jail term is 6 months. As well, you have to pay a victim surcharge, which is 15% of your fine (if you get a fine) or $50 – or a higher amount if the judge orders it. If the item is worth $5000 or more, the fine, jail term and victim surcharge are higher.

For a first conviction, a judge will usually fine you several hundred dollars and put you on probation that forbids you from going back to the same store for a year. You also get a criminal record. That can prevent you from traveling to other countries, getting certain jobs, being bonded (which some jobs require), and applying for citizenship. Refer to script 205, called “Criminal Records and Applying for a Pardon,” for more information. If it is your first offence and the value of the item is small, ask the judge for a conditional discharge. If you meet the conditions of the discharge, you will not get a criminal record.

The legal issues for this offense can be complex and a conviction can seriously harm you. If you are charged with this offense, you should talk to a lawyer.

Help for women
The Elizabeth Fry Society has counselors to meet with women in a confidential session to assess what is best for them. Individual sessions, group therapy, and workshops are available. The counselor can also provide written reports for courts. In the lower mainland, call 604.520.1166 and elsewhere in BC, call 1.888.879.9593. The Society’s website is www.elizabethfry.com. Other services it offers are volunteer support, information seminars, and referral services. Some services are free; others have a fee on a sliding scale.

[updated December 2007]

Dial-A-Law© is a library of legal information that is available:

• by phone, as recorded scripts, and
• in writing, on the CBA BC Branch website.

To access Dial-A-Law, call 604.687.4680 in the lower mainland or 1.800.565.5297 elsewhere in BC. Dial-A-Law is available online at www.cba.org/bc in Public & Media.

The Dial-A-Law library is prepared by lawyers and gives practical information on many areas of law in British Columbia. Dial-A-Law is funded by the Law Foundation of British Columbia and sponsored by the Canadian Bar Association, British Columbia.

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